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Case Report
2025
:4;
100624
doi:
10.1016/j.jorep.2025.100624

Bilateral asymmetric hip dislocation: A rare case report with update literature review

Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Orthopedic Surgery Department, Phyathai Sriracha General Hospital, Chonburi, Thailand
Department of Orthopedics, Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital, Si Racha, Chonburi, Thailand

⁎Corresponding author: Chittawee Jiamton. cjiamton@gmail.com

Disclaimer:
This article was originally published by Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd. and was migrated to Scientific Scholar after the change of Publisher.

Abstract

Abstract

Bilateral asymmetric hip dislocations, where one hip is dislocated anteriorly and the other posteriorly, are rare injuries typically resulting from high-energy trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents. We report the case of a 53-year-old male who presented with a right posterior and left anterior hip dislocation without associated fractures following a car accident. Both hips were successfully reduced using closed reduction under general anesthesia, with excellent functional recovery and no complications, such as avascular necrosis, at one-year follow-up. A systematic review of 17 cases from 15 publications (2016–2024) revealed that these injuries predominantly affect young males and are often associated with systemic trauma and fractures. Prompt closed reduction was the primary treatment, though surgical interventions were required in some cases, and complications such as avascular necrosis occurred in 17.6 % of patients. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, timely management, and a multidisciplinary approach to optimize outcomes and prevent long-term complications.

Keywords

Asymmetrical
Bilateral
Hip dislocation
1

1 Introduction

Bilateral hip dislocations are uncommon injuries, constituting approximately 0.01–0.02 %1 of all joint dislocations. These injuries typically result from high-energy trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents, and often involve complex mechanisms due to the contrasting forces required to dislocate both hips simultaneously. Bilateral hip dislocations can present as symmetric (both hips dislocated in the same direction) or asymmetric (one hip dislocated anteriorly and the other posteriorly), with the latter being exceedingly uncommon.1,2 While these injuries are rare, a large number of patients have been reported in previous studies, particularly in Buckwalter's study,1 which highlighted the frequency and varied mechanisms of bilateral dislocations in an extensive review.

Prompt diagnosis and early management are crucial to achieving optimal outcomes, as delayed reduction increases the risk of complications such as avascular necrosis, post-traumatic arthritis, and chronic instability. We report the case of a 53-year-old male who sustained bilateral asymmetric hip dislocations following a car accident. This report aims to highlight the clinical presentation, management strategy, and favorable outcomes associated with the early and systematic treatment of this unusual injury. Additionally, an updated review of 17 available cases identified between 2016 and 2024, to serve as an updated compendium of information and build on existing literatures.

2

2 Case report

A 53-year-old male was involved in a car accident, resulting in injuries to both hips. He was the driver, wearing a seatbelt, and colliding with a garbage truck. He was unconscious for a short period following the accident. On regaining consciousness, he reported pain in both hips with restricted motion due to the pain. He was able to actively plantar flex and dorsiflex his ankles. He also sustained a lacerated wound on his right elbow. On physical examination, he was conscious, with stable vital signs. The distal neurovascular status was intact. The left hip was in greater flexion and abduction, while the right hip was in flexion with relatively less external rotation, as shown in the image. (Fig. 1A). Radiographs confirmed bilateral hip dislocations, with a posterosuperior dislocation on the right hip and an obturator-type, anterior dislocation on the left3 (Fig. 1A). There were no obvious associated fractures.

A) Clinical presentation of the patient, B) Radiographs of both hips showed a posterosuperior dislocation of the right hip and an anterior, obturator-type dislocation of the left hip.
Fig. 1 A) Clinical presentation of the patient, B) Radiographs of both hips showed a posterosuperior dislocation of the right hip and an anterior, obturator-type dislocation of the left hip.

The patient was resuscitated according to the ATLS protocol. The patient was evaluated by the neurosurgery team due to the history of unconsciousness, with no focal deficits identified. A CT head scan was performed, which showed no evidence of intracranial injuries, confirming the patient was fit for emergent hip reduction. An urgent reduction of both hips was performed under general anesthesia. The duration from injury to reduction was 6 hours. The right hip was reduced first using the Allis maneuver.4 The reduction was successful, and the hip remained stable post-reduction (Fig. 2A). Next, the left hip was reduced using a modified Allis maneuver, applying a lateral force during longitudinal traction.4 This reduction was also successful, with the hip stable afterward (Fig. 2B). Intraoperative fluoroscopy confirmed congruent reduction of both hips, though a small posterior wall fracture fragment was observed on the right acetabulum (Fig. 2C and D). A stress test, applying posterior force on the flexed, adducted, and internally rotated hip, confirmed stability on fluoroscopy (Fig. 3).5 The patient was advised to rest in bed, with pain control measures provided. Post-procedure neurovascular status remained intact. A postoperative radiograph confirmed congruent reduction and CT scan revealed a minimally displaced posterior wall fragment of the right acetabulum, classified as Thompson-Epstein type I6 (Fig. 4). The superficial laceration on the elbow was debrided and performed primary suture. The laceration did not interfere with the overall rehabilitation process.

A) Clinical presentation after reduction of the right hip, B) after reduction of both hips, C) intraoperative fluoroscopy of the right hip, D) intraoperative fluoroscopy of the left hip.
Fig. 2 A) Clinical presentation after reduction of the right hip, B) after reduction of both hips, C) intraoperative fluoroscopy of the right hip, D) intraoperative fluoroscopy of the left hip.
A) The obturator view showed a small posterior wall fragment (white arrow). B) A stress film with the hip in flexion, adduction, and internal rotation revealed congruent hip joint alignment.
Fig. 3 A) The obturator view showed a small posterior wall fragment (white arrow). B) A stress film with the hip in flexion, adduction, and internal rotation revealed congruent hip joint alignment.
A) Post-reduction radiograph of both hips, B) 3D-CT image showing the posterior view of the hips, C, D) Axial CT images revealing a small fragment of the posterior wall fracture of the right hip (white arrow) with joint congruency and no incarcerated fragment.
Fig. 4 A) Post-reduction radiograph of both hips, B) 3D-CT image showing the posterior view of the hips, C, D) Axial CT images revealing a small fragment of the posterior wall fracture of the right hip (white arrow) with joint congruency and no incarcerated fragment.

He was advised to ambulate with a walker on post-op day 3, bearing weight as tolerated, and to follow positioning precautions to reduce the risk of re-dislocation. The chip fracture of the posterior wall was treated conservatively as it was considered stable after EUA.5 He was discharged 7 days after admission. Two weeks after the injury, his pain had subsided. By three months, he was able to return to normal activities without discomfort. At his one-year follow-up, he reported no pain with activity, and radiographs showed no signs of avascular necrosis. The Harris hip score was 96 % which was considered an excellent function for both sides (Fig. 5).

Radiographic image of both hips at the final follow-up.
Fig. 5 Radiographic image of both hips at the final follow-up.
3

3 Discussion

Bilateral hip dislocations are exceedingly rare, accounting for approximately 0.01–0.02 % of all joint dislocations.1 Among these, asymmetric bilateral hip dislocations—where one hip is dislocated anteriorly and the other posteriorly—are even less common. Buckwalter et al.1 reported that asymmetric cases represented a small fraction of bilateral dislocations in their extensive review. Our systematic review of 17 cases published between 2016 and 2024 further underscores the rarity of this injury pattern, with most cases resulting from high-energy trauma such as motor vehicle accidents. The scarcity of reported cases highlights the importance of documenting such presentations to enhance clinical awareness and management strategies.

We conducted a literature review of original articles published between 2016 and 2024, using the search query “bilateral asymmetrical hip dislocation” on PubMed and ScienceDirect. Eligible studies included reports of bilateral asymmetrical hip dislocations. Non-English articles and duplicate records were excluded, resulting in 17 cases from 15 publications.7–22

Data extracted from the selected studies included study characteristics, patient demographics (age, gender), dislocation details (mechanism, classification, side, direction of dislocation), associated injuries, and details of the treatment course (management, outcomes, follow-up duration, and complications).

The findings are summarized in Table 1, with missing data indicated as "not available." Key insights from the literature review are integrated into the discussion sections, providing context and highlighting important trends.

Table 1 The literatures of asymmetrical bilateral hip dislocation from 2016 to 2024.
Author Gender Age Mechanism of injury Right Left Associated injuries Management Complications Follow up
Abdulfattah et al.201722 F 32 MVA (Passenger) P A Left superior and inferior rami fracture. Facial laceration wounds. Multiple burns in the lower limbs, left upper limb, and left side of the chest. CR under GA N/A N/A
Rufer et al., 201711 M 53 Crush injury A P Diaphragmatic rupture, Pubic rami fractures CR under GA Small posterior fragment of Greater trochanter,Secondary peritonitis 12 months
Alshammari et al.201820 M 19 MVA P A Right pneumothorax CR under conscious sedation.Skin traction both limbs (6 weeks) None 3 years
Değirmenci et al., 201819 F 49 MVA A P Left femoral head fracture (Pipkin type 1). CR under GA. Left hip - AVN (2 years) 3 years
Giaretta et al., 201918 M 23 MVA (Car) A P Fracture of clavicle Right hip - CR under GA (Bigelow's maneuver)Left hip - ORIF (Kocher Langenbeck approach) Diffuse axonal injury 6 months
Nandi et al., 202114 M 34 MVA (Passenger) A P Pelvic fracture Right hip - CR under GA (Bigelow's maneuver)Left hip - ORIF (Kocher Langenbeck approach) Left hip - AVN (3 years) 3 years
Pathinathan et al.202113 M 32 MVA (Passenger) P A Left femoral head fracture (Pipkin II),Right femoral head fracture (Pipkin I) Subarachnoid hemorrhage. CR under GA – failedOpen reductionRight hip –Kocher Langenbeck approachLeft hip - modified Hardinge approach N/A 6 weeks
Qin et al., 202112 M 49 High-energy trauma, tram car accident A P Fractured left acetabulum. Open fracture at thigh and lumbar spine 1–5 transverse process. CR under GALeft acetabulum - ORIF Hemodynamic instability, severe systemic symptoms 5 months
Sahito et al., 202110 M 30 Weight form above –Fall of heavy steel rods over both thigh A P Left posterior wall fracture,Left femoral fracture. CR under GALeft hip - ORIF (Kocher Langenbeck approach) None 1 years
M 32 MVA P A Right posterior wall fracture and transverse fracture acetabulum, Left pubic rami fracture.Suspected right sciatic nerve injury. CR under GARight hip - ORIF (Kocher Langenbeck approach) N/A >2 years
Alnaser et al., 202221 M 17 MVA (Passenger) P A None CR under GARight hip - Allis maneuverLeft hip - Bigelow's maneuver None 6 weeks
Shermetaro et al.20227 M 46 Ran over by a vehicle A P Right femoral head fracture,Right anterior wall acetabulum.Pelvic ring injury. Left sacral ala fracture CR under conscious sedation,ORIF pubic symphysis and percutaneous sacroiliac screws None 3 months
Nana et al., 202315 M 29 MVA (Passenger) P A Right posterior wall acetabular fracture, Free osteochondral fragments in hip joint CR under GARight hip - THA. N/A 40 days
Sanchez-Vergel et al.20239 M 15 MVA (Passenger) P A Salter-Harris I and Delbet I pelvic fracture, Right proximal femoral epiphysis injury Grade III CR under GA,Right hip - open reduction Proximal femoral epiphysis collapse and screw in joint space (7 months),Right hip - AVN (9 months) 16 months
Santoso et al., 20238 M 20 Fall from height A P Left acetabular fracture. Ankylosis of left femoral head and left posterior wall of the acetabulum. Bilateral THA None N/A
M 32 MVA A P None Right hip - Emergency debridement and open reduction,Left hip – CRLeft acetabular fracture - ORIF None N/A
Ma et al., 202316 M 59 Fall from height A P N/A CR under intravenous anesthesia,Skeletal traction 3 weeks N/A N/A
3.1

3.1 Age

All 17 cases reported the patients' ages at the time of dislocation, which ranged from 15 to 59 years, with an average age of 34 years. This broad age distribution indicates that bilateral asymmetrical hip dislocations can affect individuals across a wide spectrum, from adolescents to middle-aged adults. The average age for male patients was 32.6 years (range: 15–59), while for female patients, it was 40.5 years (range: 32–49). This suggests a slight predominance of the injury in younger males compared to females, who were affected at relatively older ages.

The presented case of a 53-year-old male with a right posterior and left anterior hip dislocation adds unique insights to the existing body of literature and aligns with findings from the systematic review of 17 cases.

3.2

3.2 Gender

The gender distribution of bilateral asymmetrical hip dislocations reported from 2016 to 2024 indicates a significant predominance of male patients. Of the 17 cases reviewed, 88.2 % (n = 15) involved males, while only 11.8 % (n = 2) involved females. Interestingly, no female cases were documented until 2021, when reports by Abdulfattah Abdullah and Değirmenci both noted female patients with this injury19,22

Similarly, Buckwalter et al.1 reported a higher prevalence of dislocations among males (81 %) compared to females (19 %), suggesting that anatomical differences may contribute to this disparity. Buckwalter hypothesized that women's increased femoral anteversion and anteverted acetabula might enable greater axial femoral load-bearing capacity, potentially reducing their susceptibility to posterior dislocations. In contrast, individuals with reduced femoral anteversion or increased retroversion—traits more commonly seen in males—may be at greater risk for such injuries.1,23 This gender difference highlights the importance of considering anatomical variations when evaluating hip dislocation patterns and their mechanisms.

3.3

3.3 Mechanism of injury

The mechanisms of injury for the 17 cases were classified into five categories based on trauma type, emphasizing mechanisms typically associated with high-energy impact or crush injuries. These categories include motor vehicle accidents (MVA), falls from height, crush injuries, weight from above, and other high-energy traumas (e.g., tram car accidents or pedestrians struck by vehicles).

Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) accounted for the majority of cases, with 11 individuals (64.7 %) sustaining hip dislocations due to these incidents.8–10,13–15,18–22 This group includes both drivers and passengers primarily involved in collisions. Falls from height were responsible for 2 cases (11.8 %).8,16 These injuries typically occur when an individual falls from a significant elevation, such as a building or tree. High-energy trauma was identified in 2 cases (11.8 %),7,12 involving mechanisms such as pedestrians struck by vehicles or tram car accidents. Crush injuries were reported in 1 case (5.9 %),11 where the patient sustained dislocations after being trapped in an elevator, with the ceiling of the elevator shaft collapsing. Finally, weight from above accounted for 1 case (5.9 %),10 in which the patient experienced the fall of heavy steel rods onto both thighs.

Our patient's injury mechanism, MVA, was consistent with the most common cause of asymmetric bilateral hip dislocations, reported in 64.7 % of reviewed cases. This highlights the predominance of high-energy impact injuries, particularly motor vehicle accidents, in this rare injury pattern.

3.4

3.4 Direction of dislocation

All case reports included detailed information on the direction of hip dislocation. Of the 17 cases, 41.2 % (n = 7) involved a right posterior and left anterior dislocations,9,10,13,15,20–22 while the remaining 58.8 % (n = 10) were right anterior and left posterior dislocations.7,8,10–12,14,16,18,19 Similarly, Buckwalter et al. reported comparable findings in a larger series, with 53 % (n = 50) of cases showing a right posterior and left anterior dislocation pattern, while 47 % (n = 45) exhibited a right anterior and left posterior pattern.1

3.5

3.5 Dislocation grading

Ten cases provided details on the grading of posterior and/or anterior hip dislocations.8–12,14,15,18 Among posterior dislocations, the most common severity was Thompson-Epstein Type III (n = 3)8,15,18 followed by Type II (n = 2).12,14 One case each was classified as Thompson-Epstein Type IV8 and Type V,10 with the latter resulting from a "weight from above" mechanism of injury. For anterior dislocations, the obturator type was the most frequently reported, accounting for seven cases.8–10,14,15 These were graded as Epstein Type I (n = 2)14,18 and Type II (n = 7),8,10–12,15 with five of the Type II cases further classified as Type IIA.10–12,15 Notably, Santoso et al. reported a rare open obturator-type anterior dislocation graded as Epstein Type II, caused by a motor vehicle accident.8 Our case demonstrated Thompson-Epstein Type I for posterior dislocation, which is different from the previous reported. While obturator type in anterior dislocation, which align with the previous reported. These findings underscore the variability in dislocation severity and grading, influenced by both the mechanism of injury and the direction of dislocation.

3.6

3.6 Other injuries

In addition to hip dislocations, 82.3 % (n = 14) of cases reported other injuries7–15,18–20,22 which were categorized as either associated injuries—defined as injuries or fractures involving the ipsilateral femur, acetabulum, pelvis and sciatic nerve—or non-associated injuries, encompassing other injuries unrelated to those regions.

Among the 14 cases with additional injuries, 78.6 % (n = 11) involved associated injuries, totaling 18 fractures. Acetabular fractures (n = 6, 33 %) and pelvic fractures (n = 6, 33 %) were the most common. Notably, 83.3 % (n = 5) of acetabular fractures occurred in posteriorly dislocated hips,8,10,12,15 while 16.7 % (n = 1) occurred in an anteriorly dislocated hip.7 Four femoral head fractures were reported,7,13,19 evenly distributed between posterior (n = 2),13,19 and anterior (n = 2) dislocations.7,13 Two femoral fractures (11 %)10,12 occurred ipsilaterally to an acetabular fracture on the posteriorly dislocated hip. A case of sciatic nerve injury (5 %) was reported.10 Two unique cases of associated injuries included one with an ipsilateral femoral head and acetabular fracture,7 and another involving bilateral femoral head fractures.13 Additionally, a 15-year-old patient was noted to have a right proximal femoral epiphyseal slip associated with a posteriorly dislocated hip; this case was excluded from the primary calculations.9

Non-associated injuries were highly variable, affecting 35.3 % (n = 6) of the reviewed cases.11–13,18,20,22 These injuries were highly heterogenous and included: spinal injury,12 clavicular fracture,18 lacerations22 burns22 and subarachnoid hemorrhage.13 Thoracic injuries were noted in three cases: pneumothorax,20 subcutaneous emphysema,13 and diaphragmatic rupture.11

These findings emphasize the complexity of bilateral asymmetrical hip dislocations, often accompanied by significant associated and non-associated injuries, which require a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management.

Even though this case reported an associated posterior wall fracture, aligning with 78.6 % of cases in the systematic review that presented with associated injuries, the fracture was small and did not influence joint stability. This minimal impact on stability may have contributed to the successful closed reduction and the relatively straightforward recovery observed in this case. This contrasts with more complex injuries in the review, which often required additional surgical interventions and presented greater challenges in management and recovery.

3.7

3.7 Time to reduction

Time to reduction was reported in 5 out of the 17 cases (29.4 %). The documented times ranged from less than 40 minutes to 12 hours.

This variability highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt management to minimize the risk of complications such as avascular necrosis and post-traumatic arthritis. Delayed reductions, as seen in some cases, may reflect challenges in diagnosis, and the presence of concurrent injuries requiring stabilization.

3.8

3.8 Management

Among the 17 cases reviewed, 88.2 % (n = 15) were initially managed with closed reduction of both hips.7,9–16,18–22 For the remaining two cases, Santoso et al.8 reported bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) for a patient who presented 7 months after a fall from height, and another case involved open reduction with emergency debridement for an open anterior hip dislocation.

Following initial management, 58.8 % (n = 10) required further definitive surgical intervention due to failed reduction, immediate complications (e.g., subluxation or epiphyseal slip), or the necessity for additional fixation. These subsequent procedures included open reduction in nine cases7–10,12–14,18 and a unilateral THA in one case.15

Post-surgical traction was employed in 35.3 % (n = 6) of cases.8,10,16,20,22 Skeletal traction was used in three cases,8,16,22 while skin traction was applied in the other three.10,20

Our case was successfully reduced using the closed technique, and we continued conservative treatment based on the stability observed on EUA. These can be expected for uneventfully outcome. Anyway, these findings underscore the complexity of managing bilateral asymmetrical hip dislocations, where initial closed reduction is often successful, but definitive surgical management is frequently needed to address failure of closed reduction or associated fractures.

3.9

3.9 Complications

Complications were reported in six cases,9,11,12,14,18,19 with avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) being the most frequent, affecting 17.6 % (n = 3) of the cohort.9,14,19 AVN was observed in cases with follow-up periods ranging from 9 months9 to 3 years.14 This incidence is notably higher than that reported in Buckwalter et al.'s report of 104 cases, where AVN occurred in only 4.8 % (n = 5).1

The elevated AVN rate in this review may reflect a reporting bias inherent to case reports, which tend to focus on more complex or atypical cases. This selective presentation likely skews the data, as cases with unfavorable outcomes, such as AVN, are more frequently documented, while less complicated recoveries may be underreported.

Interestingly, no cases of heterotopic ossification, or post-traumatic osteoarthritis were reported between 2016 and 2024. However, other indirect complications included hemodynamic instability,12 diffuse axonal brain injury,18 and secondary peritonitis,11 highlighting the potential for systemic and multisystem involvement in severe trauma cases.

3.10

3.10 Follow-up

Follow-up periods ranged from 6 weeks to 3 years,7,9–15,18–21 with a primary focus on monitoring weight-bearing progression, rehabilitation, and potential complications such as avascular necrosis (AVN) or heterotopic ossification (HO). Management of complications, if present, was also addressed during these follow-ups.

Notably, Nana et al.15 was the only author to utilize the functional Harris Hip Score (HHS) for tracking patient improvement. The case involved a complex scenario of a 5-week neglected bilateral asymmetrical hip dislocation. Although initially managed with reduction, the patient eventually required a right total hip arthroplasty (THA). This complexity may have influenced the use of the HHS to provide a more detailed assessment of functional outcomes, highlighting its utility in tracking recovery in challenging cases.

These findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive management and long-term follow-up to monitor and address potential complications, particularly AVN, in patients with bilateral asymmetrical hip dislocations.

This new case contributes valuable data to the growing body of literature by providing an example of uncomplicated bilateral asymmetric hip dislocation, demonstrating the efficacy of early intervention and systematic management. The systematic review findings reinforce the importance of prompt diagnosis, reduction, and multidisciplinary care in optimizing outcomes for these rare injuries.

4

4 Conclusion

Bilateral asymmetric hip dislocations remain a rarity, often resulting from high-energy trauma. Early diagnosis, systematic management, and careful follow-up are essential to ensure favorable outcomes. This case underscores the importance of prompt intervention and adds to the growing body of literature on this unique injury pattern, contributing to improved understanding and treatment protocols.

Author contributions

AC and SP were involved in drafting and revising the manuscript for content, including the medical writing for the content and review literature. CJ and KC were involved in revising the manuscript. CJ was supervisor.

Ethic approval

This study has been approved by the ethical committees of our institute in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki.

Funding

No funds have been received for this study.

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